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Population and Settlement of Ireland:
The Settlement of Ireland (1652-1660)
During the Irish uprising in 1641, English Parliament passed an act in March 1642 which promised the Irish land to “adventurers” who had enough money to finance the reconquest of Ireland. In February 1652, the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland was completed, Parliament had sent its commissioners to Ireland. Edmund Ludlow, Miles Corbet, John Jones, and John Weaver began preparation the settlement of Irish land. These commissioners were to award the land to Adventurers and disbanded Parlimentarian soldiers who were promised the Irish land to pay back unpaid debt. The commonwealth government redistributed the land to Catholics, Native Irish, and making way for Protestant settlers.
Ireland was declared as part of the commonwealth. Legislative power was transferred to the Westminster Parliament and executive power was divided between the Council of State in London and the Lord-Deputy in Ireland. August 1652, the Westminister Parliament passed the Act for the Settlement of Ireland, which classified the Irish people into one of several categories according to their measure of involvement in the Irish Uprising and subsequent war. Those who had helped rebels in any way were to be hanged and have their property confiscated, although there were exceptions for those who were in the Confederate army. Thousands of Irishmen were sentenced to death under this Act. Yet the genocide that occurred was not under the Act in place, so for the next two years those men were tried in court and sentenced to death.
The Lord-Deputy of Ireland and his successor desperately wanted to force the settlers into being native Irishmen. They reconciled the main Protestant groups in Ireland and recognized government. The four courts of law were revived in September 1654 and arbitrary military rule was steadily replaced by civilian government. The size of the army in Ireland was gradually reduced from around 32,000 men in 1652 to 16,000 by 1658. The country made Catholicism illegal in attempt to make everyone become Protestant. Catholics were not allowed to take part in public life and priests were executed, imprisoned or driven to exile. The use of Irish Gaelic was banned, but came back in poetry called aisling. The Cromwellian settlement laid the foundation for “Protestant Ascendancy”. That means that Protestants are a much higher class then Catholics. A new settlement came about in 1662 in which a percentage of the land taken from the Catholic was returned to the Old English noblemen who supported the King.
The Settlement of Ireland (1652-1660)
During the Irish uprising in 1641, English Parliament passed an act in March 1642 which promised the Irish land to “adventurers” who had enough money to finance the reconquest of Ireland. In February 1652, the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland was completed, Parliament had sent its commissioners to Ireland. Edmund Ludlow, Miles Corbet, John Jones, and John Weaver began preparation the settlement of Irish land. These commissioners were to award the land to Adventurers and disbanded Parlimentarian soldiers who were promised the Irish land to pay back unpaid debt. The commonwealth government redistributed the land to Catholics, Native Irish, and making way for Protestant settlers.
Ireland was declared as part of the commonwealth. Legislative power was transferred to the Westminster Parliament and executive power was divided between the Council of State in London and the Lord-Deputy in Ireland. August 1652, the Westminister Parliament passed the Act for the Settlement of Ireland, which classified the Irish people into one of several categories according to their measure of involvement in the Irish Uprising and subsequent war. Those who had helped rebels in any way were to be hanged and have their property confiscated, although there were exceptions for those who were in the Confederate army. Thousands of Irishmen were sentenced to death under this Act. Yet the genocide that occurred was not under the Act in place, so for the next two years those men were tried in court and sentenced to death.
The Lord-Deputy of Ireland and his successor desperately wanted to force the settlers into being native Irishmen. They reconciled the main Protestant groups in Ireland and recognized government. The four courts of law were revived in September 1654 and arbitrary military rule was steadily replaced by civilian government. The size of the army in Ireland was gradually reduced from around 32,000 men in 1652 to 16,000 by 1658. The country made Catholicism illegal in attempt to make everyone become Protestant. Catholics were not allowed to take part in public life and priests were executed, imprisoned or driven to exile. The use of Irish Gaelic was banned, but came back in poetry called aisling. The Cromwellian settlement laid the foundation for “Protestant Ascendancy”. That means that Protestants are a much higher class then Catholics. A new settlement came about in 1662 in which a percentage of the land taken from the Catholic was returned to the Old English noblemen who supported the King.